ASP.NET PDF Viewer using C#, VB/NET

Four modes are supported in the invocation of the method getProxyConnection(): We need to provide only the username of the proxied account (db_manager1, clerk1). We need to provide the username and password of the proxied account (db_manager1, clerk1). We need to provide the end user s distinguished name. We need to provide the end user s X.509 certificate. Let s look at each of these options briefly. Proxy by Username Only You ve already seen how this works in the class DemoProxyConnection. The main benefit is the fact that you don t need to know the end user s password. Note that the proxy user should itself be set up with minimal privileges (only create session as granted in our setup) for the application to work securely. Proxy by Username and Password In this case, you require the username and password of the end user while proxying for it. This is identical to normal authentication and has all the drawbacks of supplying passwords, as discussed earlier. One advantage this mode has over normal authentication is that by using the proxy authentication, it is possible to restrict the set of roles that can be enabled, as demonstrated earlier. This mode should be considered only if there is a way to obtain the end user s password securely. To require a password while proxying, we have to issue a slightly different alter statement when enabling proxying for an account: admin@ORA10G> alter user db_manager1 grant connect through midtier with role manager_role, clerk_role authenticated using password; User altered. If we now try to run our program DemoProxyConnection to connect as db_manager1, we get an exception: B:\>java DemoProxyConnection manager1 Exception in thread "main" java.sql.SQLException: ORA-28183: proper authentication not provided by proxy at trimmed to save space

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You can also have the server return HTML, which can be displayed on the client from the callback method using DHTML Let s modify the interdependent drop-down list example to display the pool hall s address when the user makes a selection out of the second list This is a good example of not wanting to make a full round trip back to the server, but also not wanting to totally bloat your page size by returning all of these addresses proactively when your user is only seeking a single address The process of establishing a callback is fairly complex compared to the ease with which you can accomplish most tasks in ASP NET The steps are as follows: 1 You must create a page that not only inherits from the Page base class, but also implements the ICallBackEventHandler interface 2 This interface exposes one method, RaiseCallbackEvent.

To supply the end user s password, we need to populate another property, OracleOCI ConnectionPool.PROXY_PASSWORD, with the end user account s password: endUserProps.setProperty( OracleOCIConnectionPool.PROXY_PASSWORD, endUserPassword );

Recommendation: Use the standard operators. The following operators are defined in the F# standard library and should be used wherever possible instead of defining equivalents. Using these operators tends to make code much easier to read, so we strongly recommend it. This is spelled out explicitly because OCaml doesn t support all of these operators, and thus F# users who have first learned OCaml are often not aware of this. f g x f >> << |> <| g f f x ----forward reverse forward reverse composition composition pipeline pipeline

Proxy by Distinguished Name A distinguished name is an equivalent of the primary key in the LDAP world. LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. This proxy authentication mode is used by applications using a central LDAP directory as their authentication mechanism. I don t cover this option in this book; please see the section Oracle Internet Directory in 9 of Oracle Security Overview (10g Release 1) for more details. Proxy by Certificate In this mode, you proxy using the X.509 certificate. This option is also not covered in this book. For more details on this topic, refer to 4 of Oracle Database Security Guide (10g Release 1).

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This is the method that will fire when the callback occurs It s a lot like any other server-side event trap, except the browser makes the request on a background thread instead of doing a full page refresh The other big difference is that instead of generating an HTML document (as a normal postback would), this method simply returns a string, which is received by script code on the client..

Summary

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In this chapter, you learned about the security principles of least privilege and defense in depth. You looked at various ways of mapping an application end user to a database user for authentication purposes and each method s pros and cons. You examined proxy authentication (a JDBC OCI driver feature as of Oracle 10g Release 1 also known as n-tier authentication) in detail, and you learned how this technique can elegantly solve the problems of authentication and password management for a web application. The proxy authentication feature allows the middle tier to authenticate itself to the database on behalf of an end user database account without supplying the end user database account s password. You also learned how auditing captures the end user identity as well as the proxy user identity.